Alpha hydroxy acids are fantastic all-rounders to add to your skincare routine. There are a few types available, so most people can find one that suits their skin.
What are alpha hydroxy acids and how do they work?
Alpha hydroxy acids are a group of compounds which chemically exfoliate the top layers of the skin, which means they help remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, revealing brighter looking skin. When used at higher concentrations, they can assist with collagen remodelling, which means they can help stimulate new collagen production and tighten existing collagen fibres. This can reduce the appearance of
Alpha hydroxy acids are water soluble, so work more superficially in the skin than oil soluble beta hydroxy acids. They’re available as cleansers, leave-on preparations, and as chemical peels.
What types of alpha hydroxy acids are there?
The most commonly used alpha hydroxy acids are glycolic acid and lactic acid. Others include citric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid and tartaric acid. Glycolic acid is the most effective but also the most irritating, then comes lactic acid. Mandelic acid is the most gentle, but it’s not quite as powerful as glycolic and lactic acid.
Why should I use them?
Alpha hydroxy acids are great for skin brightening and smoothing, hyperpigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles, acne and keratosis pilaris.
What should I look for in a product?
Concentrations: 4-10% in cleansers and leave-on preparations, higher concentrations may be used in chemical peels.
pH: alpha hydroxy acids must be formulated at a pH of 3-4 to be effective.
How should I use them?
It’s best to apply alpha hydroxy acids at night, as they can increase sun sensitivity. Begin by using them one to two times per week to avoid irritation, and build up to alternate nightly or nightly use if desired. If you have sensitive skin, consider starting with mandelic acid or lactic acid, rather than glycolic acid. Many people alternate use of their alpha hydroxy acid with a retinoid, as the two can be more irritating if applied at the same time. After applying your alpha hydroxy acid, it’s a good idea to apply a moisturiser.
What are the issues to consider?
Alpha hydroxy acids may cause skin irritation and photosensitivity, so apply them at night and start slowly. If you’re prone to irritation, consider starting with mandelic acid which is one of the most gentle forms. Once you’re tolerating that, you could try lactic acid, and then glycolic acid.
Troubleshooting
If you find you’re developing skin irritation such as redness, stinging or dryness, consider:
- using your alpha hydroxy acid less often,
- finding a product with a lower concentration,
- changing to a more gentle form such as mandelic acid, and
- making sure you apply moisturiser afterwards.
